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The Revolutionary Legacy of Sukhdev Thapar(1907-1931)

The Revolutionary Legacy of Sukhdev Thapar(1907-1931) 5

Sukhdev Thapar was an Indian revolutionary who was a key member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) during the Indian independence movement. He was born on May 15, 1907 in Ludhiana, Punjab, in a Punjabi family and completed his education at National College in Lahore. He was a bright student, excelled in studies and ... Read more

The Wars of German Unification (1805-1871)

The Wars of German Unification (1805-1871) 6

The Germanic states of what is commonly referred to as Germany today were not unified as one state after the Napoleonic wars. The vast areas west of the Danube were mostly individual states with their own government and proud autonomy, in the north and south of central Europe. The status had been the same during ... Read more

Shaheed Udham Singh (1899-1940)

Shaheed Udham Singh (1899-1940) 7

Shaheed Udham Singh, born on December 26th, 1899, was a prominent political activist and freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. He is best known for his assassination of Michael O'Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab in British India, in 1940 as a revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre ... Read more

Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj (1657-1689)

Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj (1657-1689) 8

Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, also known as Sambhaji Bhosale, was the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. He was born in 1657 in Purandar fort to Shivaji and his first wife Saibai. Unfortunately, Saibai passed away when Sambhaji was only two years old and he was then ... Read more

Britain and Europe in the 19th Century

Britain and Europe in the 19th Century 9

Britain and France became allies after 1815, the same conditions were not the strictly the case for the un-unified states of Germany, Austria and Italy, who had diplomatic ties between smaller principalities and states, and were not all ceded to major powers in Europe. The peace of mid 1815 had ended 65 years of conflict ... Read more

End of the Napoleonic Wars: Europe after Napoleon

End of the Napoleonic Wars: Europe after Napoleon 10

The end of the Napoleonic Wars had of course the victor’s diplomatic reactions and the accountabilities of the vanquished. Napoleon, having surrendered literally unconditionally, was jailed on St. Helena Island where there was no hope of another escape and a revival of his dictatorship. A group or Alliance of the major powers would meet to ... Read more